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Common Toxic Herbs and their Effects

This is not a complete list by any means, but these commonly noted plants, herbs, and flowers should be handled with care or avoided altogether. 

Aconite (Wolfsbane, Monkshood) - all parts: dermatoxic, hepatotoxic, and neurotoxic

Adam and Eve (Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Wild Arum) - root: dermatoxic and gastrotoxic if ingested

African Sumac - leaves: dermatoxic; possibly fatal

Agave - juice: dermatoxic  

Angel’s Trumpet - all parts: cardiotoxic; often fatal

Apple - seeds: cytotoxic in large doses

Apricot - leaves and seeds: cytotoxic in large doses

Arnica - gastrotoxic 

Asparagus - berries: dermatoxic and gastrotoxic if ingested

Azalea - all parts: cytotoxic and neurotoxic; rarely fatal

Betel Nut Palm (Pinyang) - all parts: gastrotoxic if ingested

Bittersweet Nightshade - all parts: neurotoxic and gastrotoxic; rarely fatal

Black Hellebore - all parts: cardiotoxic and gastrotoxic; possibly fatal

Black Locust (False Acacia) - root bark and flowers: gastrotoxic

Black Nightshade - all parts except ripe fruit: neurotoxic and gastrotoxic; possibly fatal

Bleeding Heart - leaves and roots: neurotoxic

Bloodroot - rhizomes: cytotoxic

Blue Passion Flower (Common Passion Flower) - leaves: cytotoxic

Bracken - all parts: carcinogenic

Buttercup - all parts: gastrotoxic and dermatoxic 

Calabar Bean (Ordeal Beans) - seeds: neurotoxic and gastrotoxic if ingested in large doses

Cassava - leaves and roots: cytotoxic in large doses

Castor Bean (Castor Oil Plant) - seeds: cytotoxic if ingested or inhaled

Celandine - nephrotoxic 

Cherry - leaves and seeds: cytotoxic in large doses

Christmas Rose - all parts: gastrotoxic

Cocklebur - seedlings and seeds: gastrotoxic and neurotoxic

Columbine - seeds and roots: cardiotoxic; easily fatal

Corn Lily (False Hellebore) - all parts: cardiotoxic; often fatal

Cowbane (Water Hemlock, Snakeweed) - root: neurotoxic if ingested

Daffodil - bulbs and stems: gastrotoxic; possibly fatal

Datura/Moonflower - all parts: gastrotoxic and cardiotoxic

Deadly Nightshade (Belladonna) - all parts: cardiotoxic and neurotoxic; often fatal

Desert Rose (Sabi Star, Kudu) - sap: cardiotoxic with skin contact

Dumbcane - all parts: dermatoxic; possibly fatal

Elder (Elderberry) - root: gastrotoxic

Elephant Ear (Angel Wings) - all parts: dermatoxic and gastrotoxic

Ergot - neurotoxic 

Foxglove - leaves, seeds, and flowers: cardiotoxic; often fatal

Garlic - all parts: gastrotoxic in some animals

Giant Hogweed - all parts: dermatoxic

Golden Chain - all parts, especially seeds: neurotoxic and gastrotoxic; possibly fatal

Goldenseal - all parts: gastrotoxic and neurotoxic in large doses

Grapes/Raisins - all parts: gastrotoxic in dogs

Greater Celandine - all parts: gastrotoxic in large doses

Hemlock (Spotted Cowbane, Poison Snakeweed) - all parts: neurotoxic; possibly fatal

Hemlock Water Dropwort - roots: neurotoxic if ingested; possibly fatal

Henbane - all parts: neurotoxic and cardiotoxic

Holly - berries: gastrotoxic

Honeybush - all parts: gastrotoxic

Honeysuckle - berries: gastrotoxic in mild cases and cardiotoxic in severe cases

Horse Chestnut - all parts: neurotoxic

Hyacinth - bulbs: gastrotoxic and neurotoxic; possibly fatal

Iris - rhizomes: gastrotoxic and dermatoxic 

Jequirity (Crab’s Eye, Rosary Pea) - seeds: neurotoxic and gastrotoxic; often fatal

Kava Kava - nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic 

Kidney Bean - raw: gastrotoxic

Larkspur - young plants and seeds: neurotoxic; often fatal

Lemon - oil: dermatoxic and gastrotoxic to animals  

Lily - all parts: nephrotoxic

Lily of the Nile (Calla Lily) - all parts: dermatoxic and gastrotoxic if ingested; possibly fatal

Lily of the Valley - all parts: cardiotoxic; possibly fatal

Lima Beans - raw: gastrotoxic

Lime - oil: dermatoxic and gastrotoxic in animals

Lobelia - all parts: gastrotoxic 

Mandrake - roots and leaves: gastrotoxic and neurotoxic

Mango - peel and sap: dermatoxic

Mangrove - bark and sap: dermatoxic and eye irritation

Mayapple - all green parts and unripe fruit: gastrotoxic

Meadow Saffron (Autumn Crocus) - bulbs: gastrotoxic; possibly fatal

Mistletoe - leaves and berries: gastrotoxic, cardiotoxic, and neurotoxic; rarely lethal in adults

Moonseed - fruits and seeds: gastrotoxic; often fatal

Mountain Laurel - all green parts: gastrotoxic

Nutmeg - raw: psychoactive in large doses

Oak - leaves and acorns: gastrotoxic; rarely fatal

Odollam Tree (Suicide Tree) - seeds: cardiotoxic; often fatal

Oleander - all parts: dermatoxic, cardiotoxic, and gastrotoxic; possibly fatal

Onions - all parts: gastrotoxic in animals

Orange - oil: dermatoxic and gastrotoxic in animals

Peach - seeds and leaves: cytotoxic in large doses

Pokeweed - raw leaves, berries, and roots: gastrotoxic and dermatoxic; often fatal

Poison Ivy/Oak/Sumac - all parts, especially leaves: dermatoxic; possibly fatal

Poison Ryegrass (Darnel) - seeds: neurotoxic

Potato - raw: cytotoxic

Privet - berries and leaves: neurotoxic and gastrotoxic; possibly fatal

Ragwort - all parts: hepatotoxic

Redoul - all parts: gastrotoxic, neurotoxic, and causes respiratory issues; can be fatal in children

Rhubarb - leaves: nephrotoxic

Skullcap - hepatotoxic

Spindle (Spindle Tree) - fruit: hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic; possibly fatal  

Stinging Tree (Gympie Gympie) - bark and sap: dermatoxic; sometimes fatal

Strychnine Tree - seeds: neurotoxic; often fatal

Sweet Pea - seeds: neurotoxic and damaging to connective tissues

Tomato - leaves and stems: cytotoxic in large doses

Uva Ursi - neurotoxic, dermatoxic 

White Baneberry (Doll’s Eyes) - all parts, especially berries: cardiotoxic; possibly fatal

White Snakeroot - all parts: gastrotoxic; often fatal

Winter Cherry (Jerusalem Cherry) - all parts, especially berries: gastrotoxic; occasionally fatal, especially to children

Wisteria - gastrotoxic

Yew (English Yew, Common Yew) - leaves and seeds: gastrotoxic if ingested and respiratory issues if inhaled

definitions of terms used in this list: 

carcinogenic - a substance that can cause cancer

cardiotoxic - toxic to the heart 

cytotoxic - toxic to living cells

dermatoxic - toxic to the skin

gastrotoxic - toxic to the gastrointestinal system (stomach, intestines, etc.)

hepatotoxic - toxic to the liver

nephrotoxic - toxic to the kidneys and urological system (ureters, bladder)

neurotoxic - toxic to the neurological system (brain, nerves, brainstem, spinal cord, etc.)

psychoactive - pertaining to substances that change brain function and result in alterations in perception, mood, or consciousness

last updated: 6-29-2016

Celebrate Lammas

Outside:

Use this day to harvest vegetables and herbs outside

Collect Berries to make bracelets and garlands

Collect seeds for next season’s sowing

Leave offerings as thanks for this year’s harvest

In the Home:

Burn Frankincense, Rose or Sandalwood incense

Fill the home with the smell of fresh baked bread

Leave bowls of sunflower seeds and nuts around the house to snack on

Drink hoppy beers and ales

Make apple candle holders

In the Kitchen:

Make a sweet Cinnamon Braid Bread

Bake a Wreath Bread or soda bread

Make Lentil Pot Pie

Make Elderberry Wine

Make a corn and barley stew

Feast on grains, seasonal vegetables, grapes, nuts and berries

In the Bath:

Add skin-healing Calendula to your bath

Surround yourself with yellow and orange candles

Use a soothing moisturizing aloe lotion

On your Altar:

Incorporate symbols of the harvest with things like corn and wheat

Use shades of yellow, orange, gold and purple

Decorate with apples, corn and wheat

Add yellow and golden stones likes citrine 

Spiritual Gifts

Aries- Embracing the rough and tumble the of the world with childlike curiosity and wonder. Reacting to things as they crop up without overthinking and evaluating, even if society says no to this. Protecting the innocent around us, including the spirit of naivety and recklessness.

Taurus- Knowing the value of the things around them, embracing the sensual pleasures of the Earth, finding meaning in simplicity and routine, having devoted relationships with the people around them. 

Gemini- Finding joy and stimulation in the trivia, humour and knowledge of the world. Being the messengers of the universe, here to be teachers and spread interesting and thought provoking wisdom. To flourish in all areas of communication, make believe and play.

Cancer- Being emotionally receptive and compassionate to the people around them, especially the vulnerable. Finding a sanctuary in creativity and solitude, where they can gain a grasp on themselves and recharge somewhat. Being a representation of the divine nurturer. 

Leo- Finding joy in creativity and pleasure, yet also seeing the warmth that others can exude. Being humorous, light hearted and loyal to the people around them. Being a jackpot of wisdom and uplifting knowledge, especially as they grow. 

Virgo- Understanding the preciousness of connection through duty and shared burdens. Appreciating the little gestures of kindness and the simple beauties of the Earth. Gaining knowledge through their life events to ease the pain of the people around them. 

Libra- Learning about themselves and the world through the eyes of others. Finding the other part of their soul in intimate relationships. Being creative and harmony seeking, knowing that there is a yin to every yang. 

Scorpio- Seeking intimate truths and knowledge from the universe. Being endlessly devoted to the people they love, yet also receptive to subtle emotional intuition. Going through intense shifts that reflect their surroundings. 

Sagittarius- Finding optimism and wisdom in the information they receive. Always questioning the powers that be, looking for evidence from their surroundings. Finding flight in abundance, yet also the minimalism of swift travel. 

Capricorn- Having timeless wisdom learnt through independence, simplicity and authenticity. Understanding the value of long standing relationships that are supportive. Finding humour and lessons in even the morbid. 

Aquarius- Being the pioneers of the collective new age and the practices that go along with this. The humanitarian conscience that resides in many of us, finding joy and excitement in invention and innovation. 

Pisces- Seeing and having knowledge of the many dimensions of this universe, experiencing the fluidity and passivity of this world, seeing light in the personalities of others and being porous to this. 

Litha Practices

Litha is a celebration of the summer solstice, the longest day of the year. Celebrations focus mainly on the power of the sun.

Before Litha - A time for growing

Focus on making decisions in your social and professional life that promote growth

Re-pot plants

Arts & Crafts

Make a besom decorated for Litha

Make a honey or sugar scrub

Make a pillow stuffed with lavender for peaceful sleep during the summer

Make a suncatcher

Cleaning & Cleansing

Do a house cleaning ritual

Pick up litter

Pull up the blinds and fill your home with sunlight

Cooking

Bake a cake

Brew your own mead

Eat outside

Hold a barbecue for family and friends

Decorating & Gardening

Hang up suns in your home and garden

Put a stone circle sundial in your garden

Spell-casting & Divination

Charge your tools in the power of the Litha sun

Go to the beach to perform some ocean magic or collect beachy tools to use later

Make Ogham staves

Other Activities

Attend a drum circle

Celebrate the season with a big bonfire

Do something for charity

Get up before the sun and go to bed after it sets to experience the entire day

Go hiking and bring a field guide to help you identify the wildlife

Learn a new skill

Meditate in nature

Spend as much time as possible outdoors

Watch the sunrise and sunset

Wear a flower crown

Wear warm colors

After Litha - A time for thriving

Be active 

Focus on goals and networking

Get away into nature

Go to the beach

Go hiking

Go swimming

whisper your promises to the trees and watch them go, melting into a maze of bark. hide your curses under wilting ferns. trust them to the earth. drop your words, plinking, into the river, and feel your heart settle among the stones at the bottom. the current will carry them home.

benefits of living with a witch

—you’ll always be safe because they will put tons of protection spells over you and the house.

—you will learn so much about nature from them, especially the moon.

—the house always smell good because of incense and essential oils.

—you will get to go to fun little pagan shops with them.

—you will gain a lot of insight into your life as they will always be doing tarot readings, rune readings, and analyzing your dreams.

—crystals. everywhere.

—plants. everywhere.

—a cat, probably.

—candles. everywhere.

Ravens have paranoid, abstract thoughts about other minds

Add this to logic puzzles, human speech repetition and nonvocal signals as things ravens can do

Cementing their status as the most terrifying of all the birds, a new study has found that ravens are able to imagine being spied upon – a level of abstraction that was previously thought to be unique to humans. 

The ability to think abstractly about other minds is singled out by many as a uniquely human trait. Now, a study from the Universities of Houston and Vienna have found that ravens are able to adapt their behaviour by attributing their perceptions to others.

The study, published in Nature Communications, found that if a nearby peephole was open, ravens guarded pockets of food against discovery in response to the sound of other birds – even if they didn’t see another bird. This was not replicated when the peephole was closed, despite hearing the same auditory clues.

According to the study’s authors, the discovery “shed[s] a new light on Theory of Mind” – the ability to attribute mental states to others. A number of studies have found that animals are able to understand what others see – but only when they can see the head or eyes, which provide gaze cues. This suggests that these animals are responding only to surface cues, and are not experiencing the same abstraction as humans.

The ability to hide food is extremely important to ravens, and they behave completely differently when they feel they are being watched – hiding food more quickly, for example, and are less likely to return to a hiding place for fear of revealing the location to a competitor.

The study replicated this behaviour. Two rooms were connected by windows and peepholes, both of which could be opened and closed. The ravens were trained to look through the peepholes to observe human experimenters making stashes of food. Finally, both windows were covered while a single peephole remained open – and, though no bird was present, the ravens still hid the food as if they were being watched.

“We showed that ravens can generalise from their own experience using the peephole as a pilferer, and predict that audible competitors could potentially see their caches through the peephole,” the authors wrote. “Consequently, we argue that they represent ‘seeing’ in a way that cannot be reduced to the tracking of gaze cues.”

Although ravens may not seem similar to humans, the two species do have something in common – their social lives. Like humans, ravens go through distinct social phases, from fluid interaction with other birds as adolescents to stable breeding pairs in adults. “There is a time when who is in the pack, who’s a friend, who’s an enemy can change very rapidly,” said Cameron Buckner, lead author of the research. “There are not many other species that demonstrate as much social flexibility. “Ravens cooperate well. They can compete well. They maintain long-term, monogamous relationships. It makes them a good place to look for social cognition, because similar social pressures might have driven the evolution of similarly advanced cognitive capacities in very different species”.

It’s not the only thing ravens can do – they’ve also been found to mimic human speech, complete complex logic puzzles and show empathy for fellow birds, which Buckner says could “change our perception of human uniqueness”. “Finding that Theory of Mind is present in birds would require us to give up a popular story as to what makes humans special,” he said. “Completing this evolutionary and developmental picture will bring us much closer to figuring out what’s really unique about the human mind”.

Crystals and their Meanings

💎Sodalite - Communication, self-expression, truth

🔮Clear quartz - Awareness, amplifying energy, clarity

💎Rose quartz - Unconditional love, emotional healing, compassion

🔮Aventurine - Prosperity, well-being, good luck

💎Red jasper - Strength, honesty, stability

🔮Snowflake obsidian - Spiritual Protection, transmutation, acceptance

💎Citrine - Brightness, positive energy, clearing

🔮Amazonite - Confidence, self love, creative expression

💎Tiger’s eye - Willpower, warrior’s spirit, self-motivation

🔮Black tourmaline - Protection, banishing, security

💎Carnelian - Passion, sexual energy, creativity

🔮Hematite - Courage, inner strength, grounding

💎Malachite - Wealth, beauty, individuality

🔮Dalmatian jasper - Loyalty, family bonds, connection with animals

💎Angelite - Divine love, gentleness, healing

🔮Lepidolite - Emotional balance, stress relief, spiritual growth

💎Lapis lazuli - Psychic vision, celestial energy, nobility

🔮Serpentine - Hidden mysteries, observation, instinct

💎Black onyx - Blocking negativity, patience, determination

🔮Howlite - Calming, compromise, sleep

💎Blue goldstone - Inspiration, optimism, dreaming

🔮Rhodonite - Forgiveness, relationships, overcoming

💎Fluorite - Renewal, harmony, energizing

🔮Pyrite - Shielding, success, money magick

💎Sunstone - Leadership, generosity, blessings

🔮Blue aventurine - Hope, clear speech, empathy

💎Selenite - Purification, peace, enlightenment

🔮Prehnite - Psychic awareness, self care, discernment

💎Moss agate - Contentment, connection with nature, abundance

🔮Red goldstone - Happiness, ingenuity, boldness

💎Garnet - Self-esteem, victory, eternal love

🔮Moonstone - Intuition, sensuality, safe travel

💎Leopardskin jasper - Adaptability, shamanic journeys, animal magick

🔮Apatite - Energetic clearing, psychic attunement, authenticity

💎Blue calcite - Serenity, restoration, releasing stress

🔮Ruby fuchite - Integration, friendship, trust

💎Mahogany obsidian - Earth energy, personal power, integrity

🔮Labradorite - Awakening joy, interdimensional travel, innovation

💎Unakite - Attraction, resolving conflict,healing the past

Incense correspondences

🕯Allspice - Money, fortune, luck, prosperity

🕯Aloe - Higher vibrations, prosperity, strength, love

🕯Amber - Bliss, healing, comfort, love

🕯Anise - Balance, meditation

🕯Basil - Protection, luck, focus, faithfulness, money, love divination, courage

🕯Bay - Mental powers, prophetic dreams

🕯Bergamont - Wealth, happiness, focus, protection, courage, balance, motivation

🕯Cardomom - Focus, courage, motivation, clarity

🕯Cedar - Purification, love, healing, psychic powers, nightmares

🕯Chamomile - Protection, calm, peace, sleep

🕯Cinnamon - Protection, wealth, success, prosperity, psychic powers

🕯Clove - Cleansing, purification, wealth, stopping gossip, healing, success, divination, protection

🕯Copal - Purification, happiness, love, protection

🕯Citrus - Brightness, courage, confidence, luck, accomplishing goals

🕯Dragons Blood - Cleansing, energy, courage, purification, love, strengthening magical powers

🕯Eucalyptus - Cleansing, protection, purification, healing

🕯Frankincense - Cleansing, astral travel, courage, purification, consecration, protection, meditation, luck

🕯Gardenia - Love, relationships, healing, peace

🕯Ginger - Money, love, power

🕯Heather - Calling and conjuring

🕯Honeysuckle - Wealth, bliss, relationships, healing

🕯Jasmine - Prophetic dreams, love, wealth, purification, astral projection, purification 

🕯Juniper - Breaking curses and hexes, protection, psychic powers, healing, calmness

🕯Lavender - Sleep, love, cleansing, happiness, relaxation, healing

🕯Lemon - Love, healing, purification

🕯Mint - Cleansing, conjuring, money, sex, healing, protection

🕯Nutmeg - Psychic powers, meditation, prosperity

🕯Orange - Love, divination, wealth, luck

🕯Peppermint - Healing, animal magic, energy

🕯Pine - Purification, banishing, wealth, strength, grounding, cleansing, breaking hexes, healing

🕯Rose - Prophetic dreams, courage, fertility, blessings, healing, love

🕯Rosemary - Depression, purification, healing, youth, fairies, sleep

🕯Sage - Protection, purification, cleansing, wisdom, healing

🕯Sandalwood - Conjuring, spirituality, protection, healing, astral projection, wishes

🕯Sweetgrass - Conjuring, positive energy

🕯Thyme - Purification, healing, health.

🕯Vanilla - Sex, love, psychic powers

🕯Violet - Luck, love, wisdom, healing, protection

🕯Wormwood - Psychic powers

🕯Ylang-ylang - Hapiness, love, harmony