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Destination Earth. First light on the shore of Lake Michigan in Racine, Wisconsin.

The horns of Paine (Los Cuernos) - Chile | Nick Fitzhardinge

2022 May 29

Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms Video Credit: IllustrisTNG Project; Visualization: Dylan Nelson (Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics) et al. Music: Symphony No. 5 (Ludwig van Beethoven), via YouTube Audio Library

Explanation: How do clusters of galaxies form? Since our universe moves too slowly to watch, faster-moving computer simulations are created to help find out. A recent effort is TNG50 from IllustrisTNG, an upgrade of the famous Illustris Simulation. The first part of the featured video tracks cosmic gas (mostly hydrogen) as it evolves into galaxies and galaxy clusters from the early universe to today, with brighter colors marking faster moving gas. As the universe matures, gas falls into gravitational wells, galaxies forms, galaxies spin, galaxies collide and merge, all while black holes form in galaxy centers and expel surrounding gas at high speeds. The second half of the video switches to tracking stars, showing a galaxy cluster coming together complete with tidal tails and stellar streams. The outflow from black holes in TNG50 is surprisingly complex and details are being compared with our real universe. Studying how gas coalesced in the early universe helps humanity better understand how our Earth, Sun, and Solar System originally formed.

∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap220529.html

“There’s as many atoms in a single molecule of your DNA as there are stars in the typical galaxy. We are, each of us, a little universe.”

—

Neil deGrasse Tyson, Cosmos

whale breaks off

by Slater Moore

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I gave a try at shooting the sky above my new house around Nice, France. That's a 10s exposure. Quite satisfied as light pollution is not as bad as what I thought.

Craters on Moon:

1° From crater Theophilus (100km diameter) below to crater Langrenus above.

2° From bottom to top, dark titanium rich lava in the Sea of Fertility then the diamond shaped patch is the Marsh of Sleep. Small bright crater Proclus is thought to be a recent impact crater and has thrown out bright ejecta that is much lighter than the surrounding ancient weathered rock. Above is the rather hexagonal Mare Crisium.

3° From the Sinus Iridium top left through the Mare Imbrium with the Alpine Valley in the centre. (This original image is horizontal)

4° At the middle and bottom of this image, sunlight is shining on a mountain peak in the Alexander crater which lies beyond the day/night terminator.

Image credit: John Purvis

Mars Express view of Mars Poles (incredible detail))

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